Myasthenia Gravis
The following information is sourced from National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke and adapted for brevity.
According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is "a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles that worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest."
The actual name, myasthenia gravis, is derived from Latin and Greek origins; Myasthenia: Greek meaning "weak muscle" and Gravis: Latin meaning "heavy, painful." Although there is currently no known cure, there are many treatment options available that can ameliorate the symptoms that characterize MG.
Treatments
Treatment for myasthenia gravis varies from person to person. Treatment plans are formulated based on a physician's assessment of an individual's symptoms of MG and their response to certain treatment options. Not everyone's treatment plan will look the same, therefore, it is important to maintain communication about your symptoms with your healthcare team to ensure your MG will be treated effectively.
- Anticholinesterase medications
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin
- Thymectomy
- Monoclonal antibody
Causes
In myasthenia gravis, the immune system makes antibodies that interfere with the way nerves and muscles communicate. Normally, nerves send a chemical signal (acetylcholine) across the neuromuscular junction (the connection between nerve and muscle) to tell the muscle to contract. Antibodies disrupt this process in different ways, leading to muscle weakness.
AChR (Acetylcholine Receptor) Antibodies damage or block the receptors on the muscle where acetylcholine is supposed to bind. They can also cause the receptors to be destroyed. With fewer working receptors, signals from nerves don’t get through properly, so muscles become weak.
MuSK (Muscle-Specific Kinase) Antibodies help organize and maintain the “landing zone” where nerve signals connect to muscle.
These antibodies block MuSK from doing its job, so the receptors don’t cluster correctly. This means the signal from nerve to muscle is much less effective.
LRP4 Antibodies work with MuSK to cluster acetylcholine receptors.
Antibodies against LRP4 prevent this partnership, disrupting the setup of the neuromuscular junction. This weakens the communication between nerve and muscle.
Other Antibodies: Some patients may have antibodies against other proteins, like agrin, titin, or ryanodine receptors.
Prognosis
When properly managed, individuals with myasthenia gravis (MG) can experience significant improvements in muscle strength over time. A variety of treatment options are available, offering effective ways to alleviate the symptoms of MG. In some cases, individuals may even achieve temporary or permanent remission through current therapies and procedures. With a positive outlook, ongoing treatment, and lifestyle adjustments, people living with MG can successfully manage their condition and maintain a fulfilling quality of life.
Receiving a diagnosis of MG can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face it alone. The Myasthenia Gravis Association offers support groups where you can connect with others who understand your journey, share experiences, and find encouragement. Together, we can navigate life with MG and build a stronger, more supportive community.
Request a New Patient Packet
If you or a loved one has recently been diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, we’re here to help. The Myasthenia Gravis Association offers a New Patient Packet filled with valuable information about the disease, treatment options, and resources to guide you on your journey.
This packet is designed to provide education, support, and tools to help you better understand and manage your condition. Requesting a packet is easy and a great first step toward feeling empowered in your care. We’re here to support you every step of the way!
Our Sponsors
